Exercise helps to overcome endothelial dysfunction
in patients with type 2 diabetes>:

Pharmacists' Diabetes Services in Australia: "Objective: To implement and evaluate a specialized service for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the community pharmacy."

Advances in Diabetes for the Millennium: Insulin Treatment and Glucose Monitoring: "Newer insulins and easier blood glucose monitoring have greatly improved the ability to obtain excellent control of blood glucose levels with less risk of hypoglycemia. In type 1 diabetes, insulin pump therapy remains the optimal approach with the most flexibility, especially with the ultra-fast-acting analogs lispro or aspart. Otherwise, once- or twice-daily dosing with the long-acting analog glargine provides excellent basal coverage, and lispro or aspart at meals provides bolus coverage, all in the attempt to mimic physiological insulin secretion. For type 2 diabetes, although oral agents continue to be a mainstay of therapy, it is clear that many patients require insulin to attain the goal A1c of < 6.5%. Once-daily glargine is now used more commonly after 1-2 oral agents have failed, and it typically takes the place of sulfonylureas. The future will likely have better systems for continuous glucose monitoring and novel therapies to control glucose through agents that affect gut hormones."

Diabetics Exposed to Telmisartan and Enalapril
: "The first long-term study to compare an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in patients with hypertension and early-stage type 2 diabetic nephropathy has shown that the ARB telmisartan and the ACE inhibitor enalapril have comparable long-term renoprotective effects.[1] The Diabetics Exposed to Telmisartan And Enalapril (DETAIL) trial is thus the first to show that an ARB offers renoprotection that is clinically equivalent to that of an ACE inhibitor."

: "There are many new orally administered agents to treat type 2 diabetes. Sulfonylureas and meglitinides stimulate insulin secretion. Metformin has been joined by thiazolidinediones to reduce insulin resistance. Disaccharidase inhibitors slow glucose uptake after a meal. Beta-3 agonists and agents that augment glucagon-like peptide activity are promising new agents in the effort to not only control glucose levels but also restrain weight gain. The future treatment of diabetes will require multiple drugs working in concert to normalize blood glucose."

Red Meat Increases Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Older Women: "NEW YORK (Reuters Health) Sept 09 - Middle age and elderly women with high levels of red meat in their diet appear to have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to a study published in the September issue of Diabetes Care"

Low Glycemic Index Diet Helpful in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
August 2, 2004 — A low glycemic index (LGI) diet improves glycemic control, some lipid profiles, and fibrinolysis in men with type 2 diabetes, according to the results of a randomized trial published in the August issue of Diabetes Care

Twenty Percent of Patients With Asymptomatic Diabetes Have...
July 30, 2004 — Twenty percent of patients with asymptomatic diabetes have silent myocardial ischemia, according to the results of the Detection of Silent Myocardial Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetic Subjects (DIAD) study published in the August issue of Diabetes Care. These findings support the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines recommending routine screening.

American Diabetes Association 64th Annual Scientific Sessions

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The Struggle for Mastery in Insulin Action:
ype 2 diabetes arises from a combination of impaired insulin action and defective pancreatic β-cell function. Classically, the two abnormalities have been viewed as distinct yet mutually detrimental processes. The combination of impaired insulin-dependent glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and impaired β-cell function causes an increase of hepatic glucose production, leading to a constellation of tissue abnormalities that has been referred to as the diabetes "ruling triumvirate." Targeted mutagenesis in mice has led to a critical reappraisal of the integrated physiology of insulin action

Dual Blockade of Renin-Angiotensin System Renoprotective...: "Aug. 1, 2003 � Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is renoprotective in type 2 diabetes, according to the results of a double-blind, randomized trial published in the August issue of Diabetes Care. Adding an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) to treatment with maximal recommended doses of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor provided superior short-term renoprotection independent of systemic blood pressure changes."

Adding Thiazolidinedione to Metformin Plus Insulin Improves...: "July 1, 2004 � Adding thiazolidinedione to metformin (MET) plus insulin (INS) improved glycemic control and reduced INS dose without increasing weight gain, according to the results of a randomized trial published in the July issue of Diabetes Care. The editorialist suggests that treating to target is all that matters, regardless of what combination of medications is used. Cost and lifestyle should be considered in choosing optimal triple therapy."

News - Metformin Shows Promise for Diabetes Prevention, but Further Studies Needed
Metformin may help prevent type 2 diabetes in individuals at high risk of developing the disease, but new studies must evaluate its long-term safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, according to Donald L. Sullivan, PhD, RPh, and Aleda M. Hess, Pharm D, both of Ohio Northern University, Ada, United States.

News - Rosiglitazone Could Have Antiinflammatory Effects: "Thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone, a selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma has demonstrated antiinflammatory effects, according to a new American study.

Troglitazone, a thiazolidinedione agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR�) and a partial agonist of PPAR�, was previously shown to have a significant antiinflammatory activity in a trial of diabetic obese patients and nondiabetic obese subjects, writes P. Mohanty, MD, and colleagues, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York, New York."

Webcast/CME - Evolution of Type 2 Diabetes: The Time for Insulin is Now
This multi-media webcast reviews the goals of type 2 diabetes management, the benefits of intensive therapy, guidelines for measurement of glycaemic control, and practical strategies for helping achieve and maintain glycaemic control via intensive therapy methodologies

Adding Thiazolidinedione to Metformin Plus Insulin Improves...
July 1, 2004 — Adding thiazolidinedione to metformin (MET) plus insulin (INS) improved glycemic control and reduced INS dose without increasing weight gain, according to the results of a randomized trial published in the July issue of Diabetes Care. The editorialist suggests that treating to target is all that matters, regardless of what combination of medications is used. Cost and lifestyle should be considered in choosing optimal triple therapy.

MayoClinic.com - Diabetes Center

Rosuvastatin Label Change in EU Indicates Risk of Myopathy

June 10, 2004 — The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a public health advisory yesterday, notifying healthcare professionals of labeling changes for rosuvastatin (Crestor, made by AstraZeneca) in the 22 member states of the European Union (EU). These changes, which are already in effect in FDA-approved labeling in the U.S., reflect the increased risk of myopathy associated with high levels of rosuvastatin.

Glucagon-like Peptide 1: Part II
The central role of GLP-1 in glucose tolerance has raised questions about the possible involvement of this peptide in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition, the wide range of coordinated actions by which GLP-1 lowers blood glucose has launched a new wave of drug development centered on this peptide hormone.